Proficiency levels in foreign languages
Language 2 users can…
A1
… understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases aimed at meeting concrete needs. They can introduce themselves and others and can ask and answer questions about personal details such as where they live, people they know, and things they have. They can interact in a simple way, provided the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to help.
A2
… understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g., very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, and employment). They can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters. They can describe in simple terms aspects of their background, immediate environment, and matters in areas of immediate need.
B1
… understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. They can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. They can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. They can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes, and ambitions and briefly give reasons, and explanations for their opinions and plans.
B2
… understand the main ideas of complex texts on both concrete and abstract topics, including specialist discussions in their field. They can participate in a conversation so fluently and spontaneously that they can carry on a normal conversation with native speakers without this being an increased effort for either interlocutor. They can write clear, detailed texts on a wide range of topics and explain their point of view on a current issue, indicating the advantages and disadvantages of different options.
C1
… understand a wide range of difficult and long texts and recognize the implicit meanings of texts. They can express themselves fluently and readily without overtly searching for expressions. They can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes. They can produce comprehensible, well-organized, and detailed texts on complex topics, demonstrating mastery of compositional formations of connective expressions and means of cohesion.
C2
… easily understand almost everything they hear or read. They can summarize information from a variety of spoken and written sources while presenting polemics and explanations in a logically organized form. They can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently and accurately, and distinguish subtle shades of meaning even in more complex situations.
Adapted from:
Council of Europe. (2025). Global scale – table 1 (CEFR 3.3): Common reference levels. Retrieved November 30, 2025, from Council of Europe portal: www.coe.int/en/web/common-european-framework-reference-languages/table-1-cefr-3.3-common-reference-levels-global-scale